![]() ![]() Walker stated, "The fundamental issue that has divided scholars over a period of nearly four decades is whether the use of the bomb was necessary to achieve victory in the war in the Pacific on terms satisfactory to the United States." Samuel Walker wrote, "the controversy over the use of the bomb seems certain to continue". In 2005, in an overview of historiography about the matter, J. This remains the subject of both scholarly and popular debate, with revisionist historians advancing a variety of arguments. There is also the debate on the role of the bombings in Japan's surrender and the U.S.'s justification for them based upon the premise that the bombings precipitated the surrender. A primary and continuing focus has been on whether the bombing should be categorized as a war crime or as a crime against humanity. Over the course of time, different arguments have gained and lost support as new evidence has become available and as new studies have been completed. Some debaters focus on the presidential decision-making process, and others on whether or not the bombings were the proximate cause of Japanese surrender. This ultimatum stated if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction". Truman, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President of China Chiang Kai-shek issued the Potsdam Declaration, which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. On 26 July 1945, United States President Harry S. Substantial debate exists over the ethical, legal, and military aspects of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August 1945 at the close of World War II (1939–45). The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rises into the air from the hypocenter. ![]()
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